Raven Culver Essays - Othello, Literature, Fiction,

Raven Culver EN-229 Dr. Laoye 26 January 2017 The Making of the Non-European World in Desdemona In Toni Morrison's play, "Desdemona", she creates another version of Othello giving voice to both Desdemona and Othello post-mortem. In Toni Morrison's version, so to speak, we get to see a different side to Desdemona; a woman with flaws, power, and self-awareness. Throughout the story, Desdemona admits her flaws and successes . She talks about the day she met her husband, the good and bad parts of her marriage, her death, her maid Sa' r an, and the expectations her parents set for her. From Othello's side, he talks about many issues he faced as a Moor and child soldier fighting to prove himself . Many of these issues include his past history of being an orphan, a child slave, the pleasure he got from killing others, and the anger he had could not figure out how to fully grasp and the feelings he had when Iago told him Desdemona was being unfaithful. Though most of the story is told from Desdemona's side, it allows room for other characters thoughts, fee lings, and opinions as well. The first page of the play opens with some of the most powerful lines that seem to reflect the story. The first section really sets the mood for the rest of the story . In this first page, Desdemona says: My name is Desdemona. The word, Desdemona, means misery. It means ill fated. It means doomed......I am not the mea ning of a name I did not choose Men made the rules; women followed them...My p arents, keenly aware and approving of the system, could anticipate the future of a girl child accurately. They were wrong. They knew the system, but they did not know me. (Morrison 14). In this first page, Desdemona is explaining that her parents acc e p ted certain views of society solely because their daughter was a woman. Being a woman, she was expected to follow the rules that men had set for her and other woman and though these were the standards for most, she was different. She was independent. She was not just going to be another part of the system. Later on in the first section, Desdemona accepts the choices she made, whether they were for better or worse. She says, " It is true my earth life held sorrowBut it was my life and, right or wrong, my life was shaped by my own choices and it was mine" (Morrison 16). This really shows a changed Desdemona from Shakespeare's version and it seems to go full circle . The beginning stated that her name meant misery, ill fated, and doomed. Desdemona is owning up to the mistakes she has made, but makes it a point to say that she h ad made the decisions herself. Her name did not set her up for failure, nor did she have any influence from others, she wanted freedom and the right to make her own choices, and she got them. In making her own choices, Desdemona got smacked in the face by reality in this afterlife. S he is caught up in her myth about her relationship to her childhood nurse, Barbary. Barbary says that she was nothing more than her maid. Desdemona did not truly know anything about Barbary, not even her real name. When dealing with Othello, she is caught up in all of the hype and myths about Othello , his fighting skills, and his dark, mysterious skin. The worlds of Desdemona and Othello are of different paths. Othello is quite clear about the problems of being a powerful black man in white Venetian power. H e knew of fidelity on the battlefield, but h is mistake is that he is forced to trust and assume loyalty in a place of power where there is none. Othello murders Desdemona , not out of distrust, but in anger at her delusions, and even his own (Morrison 53) . B efore the end of the play, Desdemona says: I am sick of killing as a solution. It solves nothing. Questions nothing, produces nothing, nothing, but more of itself... My mistake was believing that

The Dangers of an Imperfect Invulnerability

The Dangers of an Imperfect Invulnerability The common phrase Achilles heel refers to a surprising weakness or vulnerability in an otherwise strong or powerful person, a vulnerability that eventually leads to a downfall. What has become a cliche in the English language is one of several modern-day phrases that are left to us from ancient Greek mythology. Achilles was said to be a heroic warrior, whose struggles over whether to fight in the Trojan War or not are described in detail in several books of Homers poem ​The Iliad. The overall myth of Achilles includes the attempt by his mother, the nymph Thetis, to make her son immortal. There are various versions of this story in the ancient Greek literature, including her putting him in fire or water or anointing him, but the one version that has struck the popular imagination is the one with the River Styx and the Achilles Heel. Statius Achilleid The most popular version of Thetis attempt to immortalize her son survives in its earliest written form in Statius Achilleid 1.133-34, written in the first century AD. The nymph holds her son Achilles by his left ankle while she dips him in the River Styx, and the waters confer immortality on Achilles, but only on those surfaces that contact the water. Unfortunately, since Thetis dipped only once and she had to hold onto the baby, that spot, Achilles heel, remains mortal. At the end of his life, when the arrow of Paris (possibly guided by Apollo) pierces Achilles ankle, Achilles is mortally wounded. Imperfect invulnerability is a common theme in world folklore. For example, there is Siegfried, the Germanic hero in the Nibelungenlied who was vulnerable only between his shoulder blades; the Ossetian warrior Soslan or Sosruko from the Nart Saga who is dipped by a blacksmith into alternating water and fire to turn him into metal but missed his legs; and the Celtic hero Diarmuid, who in the Irish Fenian Cycle was pierced by a venomous boar bristle through a wound to his unprotected sole. Other Achilles Versions: Thetiss Intent Scholars have identified many different versions of the Achilles Heel story, as is true for most ancient history myths. One element with lots of variety is what Thetis had in mind when she dipped her son in whatever she dipped him in. She wanted to find out if her son was mortal.She wanted to make her son immortal.She wanted to make her son invulnerable. In the Aigimios (also spelled Aegimius, only a fragment of which still exists), Thetisa nymph but the wife of a mortalhad many children, but she wanted to keep only the immortal ones, so she tested each of them by putting them in a pot of boiling water. They each died, but as she began to carry out the experiment on Achilles his father Peleus angrily intervened. Other versions of this differently crazy Thetis involve her unintentionally killing her children while attempting to make them immortal by burning off their mortal nature  or simply deliberately killing her children because they are mortal and unworthy of her. These versions always have Achilles saved by his father at the last minute. Another variant has Thetis trying to make Achilles immortal, not just invulnerable, and she plans to do that with a magical combination of fire and ambrosia. This is said to be one of her skills, but Peleus interrupts her and the interrupted magical procedure only changes his nature partially, making Achilles skin invulnerable but himself mortal.   Thetiss Method She put him in a pot of boiling water.She put him in a fire.She put him in a combination of fire and ambrosia.She put him in the River Styx. The earliest version of Styx-dipping (and youll need to blame or credit Burgess 1998 for this expression that will not leave my mind soon) is not found in the Greek literature until Statius version in the first century CE. Burgess suggests it was a Hellenistic period addition to the Thetis story. Other scholars think the idea may have come from the Near East, recent religious ideas at the time having included baptism. Burgess points out that dipping a child in the Styx to make it immortal or invulnerable echoes the earlier versions of Thetis dipping her children into boiling water or fire in an attempt to make them immortal. Styx dipping, which today sounds less painful than the other methods, was still dangerous: the Styx was the river of death, separating the lands of the living from the dead. How the Vulnerability was Severed Achilles was in battle at Troy, and Paris shot him through the ankle then stabbed him in the chest.Achilles was in battle at Troy, and Paris shot him in the lower leg or thigh, then stabbed him in the chest.Achilles was in battle at Troy and Paris shot him in the ankle with a poisoned spear.Achilles was at the Temple of Apollo, and Paris, guided by Apollo, shot Achilles in the ankle which kills him. There is considerable variation in the Greek literature about where Achilles skin was perforated. A number of Greek and Etruscan ceramic pots show Achilles being stuck with an arrow in his thigh, lower leg, heel, ankle or foot; and in one, he reaches calmly down to pull the arrow out. Some say that Achilles wasnt actually killed by a shot to the ankle but rather was distracted by the injury and thus vulnerable to a second wound. Chasing the Deeper Myth It is possible, say some scholars, that in the original myth, Achilles was not imperfectly vulnerable because of being dipped in the Styx, but rather because he wore armorperhaps the invulnerable armor that Patroclus borrowed before his deathand received an injury to his lower leg or foot that was not covered by the armor. Certainly, a wound cutting or damaging what is now known as the Achilles tendon would hinder any hero. In that manner, Achilles greatest advantagehis swiftness and agility in the heat of battle- would have been taken away from him. Later variations attempt to account for the super-human levels of heroic invulnerability in Achilles (or other mythic figures) and how they were brought down by something ignominious or trivial: a compelling story even today. Sources Avery HC. 1998. Achilles Third Father. Hermes 126(4):389-397.Burgess J. 1995. Achilles Heel: The Death of Achilles in Ancient Myth. Classical Antiquity 14(2):217-244.Nickel R. 2002. Euphorbus and the Death of Achilles. Phoenix 56(3/4):215-233.Sale W. 1963. Achilles and Heroic Values. Arion: A Journal of Humanities and the Classics 2(3):86-100.Scodel R. 1989. The Word of Achilles. Classical Philology 84(2):91-99.

HW Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 3

HW - Essay Example The body system is mostly affected by the long-term consumption of the alcohol. The system respond negatively to the ingested substances which is abused or largely taken into the system and has these sides effects to the users; fatty liver, gastritis, pancreatitis, ulcer diseases, chronic active hepatitis and alcohol hepatitis. Most of the students find themselves addicted into alcoholism and the other narcotic drugs such as the bhang and cocaine. This narcotic leads to hallucination and poor judgment of the users of the hard drugs (Kane, 2011). It is also seen that addiction is part of the bio psychosocial model in that it has multiple ways or procedure of treating the whole individual not taking part of rehabilitation from the drugs but also the transformation of individual’s behavior. The addiction of each and every person is not determining emotions, social, cultural or physical factors but it is mostly influenced by the biological factors which will determines drinking and the addiction. This includes the genetics as the general exposure to drugs and alcohol (Miller, 2011). The enabler is an individual who catalyze an addict to continue with his self-destructive behavior. He encourages the addict to through criticizing or rescuing him/her. While on the other hand codependency is the relationship in which one of the parties of both allows each other to act in maladaptive ways. The two characteristics gives the relationship that is irrational to the thoughts and the behavior of the individuals thus they can’t judge what is right or wrong. Hence, a person who is in the field of health and wellness has these features as he seeks to have control over the situation. He also influences the people around him by controlling on what to be done (Kane, 2011). The addicts will continue with their behavior in the presence of their sound family or friends because there will be fear of losing them. They tend to protect

What Was The New Brutalism Really About Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

What Was The New Brutalism Really About - Essay Example As for the public, they just hate it. The fall-out persists into this century. Before the public can give any large-scale commitment again to architects, a line f mutual understanding has to be drawn under the circumstances which generated the styles and forms f this period. The picturesque architecture f the 1940s and early 1950s is currently enjoying new interest. Its most well-known example is the buildings f the Festival f Britain. This was a national festival put on six years after the end f war, in 1951, which temporarily occupied the area f the South Bank f the Thames directly opposite London's West End. It is considered against the once again popular Ealing comedy, Passport to Pimlico. The Festival buildings embody what's been seen either as a happy marriage or an abominable birth. They are the result f the fusion between two apparently opposed traditions: the rigours f international modernism and the English picturesque tradition, a tradition which implies design first and foremost in terms f the composition f a series f visual pictures.1 In film, there was a broad, and perhaps equally popular equivalent: the Ealing comedy. These quintessentially English films emanated from the Ealing Studio in west London, and were at their best in this period. They epitomise the spirit f post-war Britain and London in particular: a hybrid world where there was a simultaneous longing for radical change and tangible continuity. As if to express this strange contradiction, the comedies feature gangs f lovable robbers, charming and funny murderers and, in the case f Passport to Pimlico, sensible and conventional anarchists. Both architecture and film began to go markedly out f fashion in the second post-war decade. They were replaced with monochrome, and supposedly true-to-life genres: Brutalism's parallel was Britain's version f the New Wave in cinema.2 Angstridden, alienated loners replace chirpy communities. Remorseless realism replaces happy endings. This is both an exploration f parallels between their aesthetics and their preoccupations, and an attempt to cast insight from architecture on cinema and vice versa. The idea f the hybrid is the opposite f the pure. The hybrid straddles two or more classes; its edges are unclear, and difficult to delineate, to draw a line around. The hybrid doesn't have an identifiable, categorisable form. The hybrid obscures the possibility f its reduction to an original set f parts or classes. The hybrid transgresses the edges f established forms. The pure and the hybrid polarise the two tendencies in British post-war architecture. And these two tendencies can be personified in two iconic buildings, the Skylon and Hunstanton School. The Skylon (Figure 1) was a vertical structure built for the Festival f Britain in 1950, and designed by two competition-winning architectural students, Philip Powell and Hidalgo Moya. Hunstanton School, another competition winner designed by Alison and Peter Smithson, was one f the first Brutalist buildings completed six years late, and crucial to Brutalism's identification as a new and challenging style (Figure 2). The presentation drawing shows the Skylon as part f a picturesque composition complete with moody sky, passing boat and Victorian railway bridge. It also shows that it is meant to be

White Collar and Corporate Crime Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

White Collar and Corporate Crime - Essay Example Concealment of misconduct usually involves falsifying records or documents to disguise discrepancies. The higher the degree of effort to conceal a corporate misconduct the more difficult detection will be for unsuspecting management, the public, investors, directors, auditors, and the government. Crime was defined only by traditional "street crimes" during the 30-year period between 1940 and 1970, and there was minimal public concern with the issue of corporate criminal conduct. Since the early 1970s, however, "crime in the suites" has emerged as an important political, social, and economic problem. The extent and seriousness of criminal behavior by corporations, corporate officials, and employees led to the development of organized crime as a separate type of white-collar crime and, more importantly, an increased recognition of the need for criminal statutes that address corporate misconduct and more severe criminal corporate sanctions (Clinard, Marshall, and Peter Yeager. 1980, 132). Sutherland defined white-collar crime as "crime committed by a person of respectability and high social status in the course of his occupation," and used the term to refer primarily to "business managers and executives." (Edwin Sutherland, 1961, p. 19) His studies and conclusions indicate, however, that white-collar c... Organized crimes were initially defined as "the offenses committed by corporate officials for their corporation and the offenses of the corporation itself" and occupational crimes were the "offenses committed by individuals for themselves in the course of their occupations and the offenses of employees against their employers." (Marshall B. Clinard and Richard Quinney, 1973, p. 188). Occupational crimes are committed by lawyers, doctors, businessmen, and politicians, for example, and may include crimes like income tax evasion, embezzlement, and check kiting. Corporate crimes are organizational crimes and can only occur in the context of the complicated relationships among executives, corporate officers, managers, and corporate agents on the one hand, and among parent corporations, corporate divisions, and subsidiaries on the other hand. Nevertheless, a distinctive feature of organized crime is that the crime is committed primarily for the benefit of an ongoing legitimate business enterprise rather than for the individual who actually carries out the offense. Thus, organized crime is a specific type or form of white-collar crime and includes criminal conduct, intended to benefit the corporation, by corporations and by individual corporate employees, officials, or agents. In the late 1980s and early 1990s has served to bring potentially dangerous corporate activities to the general attention of the public and has inspired the academic legal community to pay greater consideration to several very basic questions concerning the potential use of the criminal law in this area. (Fisse, B And Braithwaite, J, 1993, 134) The criminal statistics show unequivocally that crime, as

The huge volume of guidance for leaders

The huge volume of guidance for leaders Essay title: The huge volume of guidance for leaders is a clear indication of the desire of those who can’t lead, to lead. In place of becoming leaders they become obedient followers of the latest ‘leadership’ fashions and fads. There is no direct route for leadership. It requires so many years of hard work, time and lots of communication to high profile person in strategic positions. Leader is a person who finds out the right way for followers in which direction, they can get success. For example, teams in major league cricket matches won more games when players perceived the coach as an effective leader. In India, â€Å"Mahatma Gandhi† leads people together and got independence for country. According to Brigid Carroll and Lester Levy management and leadership can be differentiated by identity, to understand and define leadership, it can be taken as emergent and desirable which is intangible, unknowable and nebulous while management taken as default identity which is specific and pragmatic (Brigid Carroll and Lester Levy, 2008). About fads and fashions of leadership, it is a growing issue. Fashions are not remaining stable how to appear or ways of working that are popular during certain periods while fads are usually understood to be short-lived fashions. There are lots of management fads and fashion after Second World War such as, Acceptable Risk, Assessment Centers, Business Ethics, Centralization, Computerization, Distributed Intelligence, Job Enrichment, Job Sharing, Knowledge Management, Outsourcing, Privatization etc. and they all flourished to a varying extent (Carl V. Rabstejnek). â€Å"Some fads were short-lived and others have stood the test of time â€Å"(Carl V. Rabstejnek, pg. 1). GUIDANCE FOR BEING LEADER The leader leads his people towards the goal. He is the person who can get his people to follow him. He is the one who is looked up to, whose judgment is trusted, and who inspires the people working with him and for him. Good leader should be motivating, inspiring and able to manage people. Leader should be charismatic and being visionary and have ability to acting decisively. There is very complex opinion about leadership either can take it as based on personality and physical traits or based on prescribed behaviors. Leadership can define in terms of power relationship between leaders and followers. As good leaders, they must try to get employees to concentrate around common goal and should have creative vision and strategic plan for an organization. Decisiveness is very important characteristic because every leader has to be taking some difficult decision in job. They have to take decision that shows firmness and leads the team towards the desired goal. Great leader never take step back during the hard situation. They react according to the time and situation. Leader has to be aware about the surroundings, their people’s working style and nature, about their boss, about the company’s desired goal and strategy. So, leader can be preplanned what to do in future and in such type of situation. By understanding the problem and situation, leaders have to take wise decisions that lead team towards the goal. Attitude of leader is also an important factor in team work because it determines the action and affects the people’s working style. Leader has to be optimistic and should be become the source of positive energy that inspires the others. Great leaders are always aware of their people’s thinking, their problems and needs. Leaders have to try to solve their problems which improve the outcome of work. People inspired by this because when they get positive response from leader, they feel satisfaction. This helps to make effective and efficient work environment in which people work together willingly. To make leadership successful, engagement is necessary because by engaging the all team members together helping the team to share their ideas and contributions which lead the team towards the desired goal. Empowerment and collaborations are also needed because by this team members do not feel suppressed and ignored and feel the part of team which leads the team to work together. They will show willingness to work together with positive attitude which take them towards the team’s success. Rewarding is also considering an important factor in leadership because it motivates the team members. When team member has been rewarded for their good work, they feel satisfaction which built the positive response towards the work. Team work output increases with this. Self-assessment is also needed because by this, one can know his weakness and strength points. Leadership skills may be improved by concentrating on the weakness point. Knowing the organizational goals and purpose is also needed to lead the team towards the success. Communication between leader and their team members should be honest and open. Leader has to know the each team member members’ capacity, skill and working style so it will be more effective to distribute the work. Clear vision about goal and how to achieve it is necessary. Leader has to think analytically and leads the team with focused towards the main goal. Trust worthy, passion and dedication with maintaining the high standard are necessary to get success. Leader has to be calm, confident enough and should be enthusiastic about their work with great commitment towards the hard work for desired output. COMPARE AND CONTRAST LEADERS AND FOLLOWER To differentiate leader from follower is difficult; they have several similarities as well as also have some differences. In leadership, one should have to take risk and lead the team; have ability to see opportunity that other cannot see. Both should be able to learn from someone or something. Leaders must be independent and isolated and should not rely on anyone but himself and have to be entrepreneurial and make workplace culture better by working with generous purpose. Good leadership is needed to solve problems and to navigate unexpected circumstances Followers only need to be competent during the battle and must be able to carry out orders by their leader, with their own ability while at other times; they have no need to be that competent. They could ask for help from their friends but in contrast, Leader cannot ask for help from his followers or else his followers would consider him incompetent. Being a follower is easier than being a leader because leader has to be isolated a nd should have ability to solve his own problems. Leadership can be as successful or effective or both. Successful leadership but not effective- In this pattern, leader’s style may not compatible; but follower does the job because of leader’s power and position. They obey the command and follow his idea. Effective leadership- the followers may do the job willingly to cooperate because the leader’s request satisfies the follower’s needs or goal. Successful leadership-it emphasises upon position, power and close supervision. There are lots of different views about leadership, either it is a product of individual that assume one’s behavior, styles, traits or a behavior rational, it may be taken as a socially constructed phenomena elsewhere some thinks that leader as a power holder (Neil Sutherland, Christopher Land and Steffen Bohm, 2013). Leadership position not hold s permanent role in organization ,instead of this, it gives opportunity to others who can take this role and lead in future, Individual leader has a crucial role for formation, growth and success, in certain situation when individual can take more than one active leadership role in organization(Neil Sutherland, Christopher Land and Steffen Bohm, 2013) . GREAT FOLLOWERS As leader, it is very important to know about that how to follow and how to lead. Many people believe that if you want to become a good leader then you must be a good follower. Some characteristic about good follower: Well finisher- Good followers always concentrate on their task and complete their task according to preplanned. Clear vision-they understand their power and position and it is equally important to understand their role as a leader. Loyalty-Good followers always try to avoid telling bad things about their boss/leader in public. It does not means that they are completely agree with their boss/leader but only do not want to do things in public because to influence the public it is needed to become public loyal. Good followers are obedient enough and humble. Awareness of surrounding –Good follower is well aware of surrounding situations and people. They always try to learn about people behavior and their thinking and how they affect in his work and what is going wrong and then make changes according to demands. Own thinking-To becomes a good follower, you are able to think on your own and decide what is right and what is wrong. Good followers always take side to leader and support them when they are doing right. GREAT LEADER AS A GOOD FOLLOWER Many qualities are same between leaders and followers. A great leader follows the same trait as followers do but change their style and do some modification in it. Great leader knows their boundary and limitation very well. Good leadership is the golden key to get best performance. Need to imply your own clear sets of values and belief and also have to make clear vision for all. Develop some creative ideas for the organization to make changes and reach up to desire goal. From this perspective, leaders are always try that people follow the process and in this way leader always think themselves as a follower. There is very important reason to leaders that they have to follow because no one can do it alone and have to create and utilize the energy, ideas and full potential of everyone. Leadership requires a close study of human behavior. It is the people who are the factors of importance. There are many different points of view about leadership. One belief is that leadership has to be taught while some are of the view that leaders can’t be made by teaching or training. In this modern age, new leaders are coming but most of them fail to cultivate their inner strength, ability to guide the people, to lead the people. There are three basic steps which are followed mostly in the process of training. Information is the first step, gets from simple reading and continuous study which then converted into knowledge. Wisdom is the transformation of knowledge. Trained person has to be able to transfer the knowledge into the practice. As a result of training, one should become more self-confident. On receiving training, knowledgeable person becomes capable of taking his own decisions and at this stage; person visualizes the truth-real understanding. There are few requir ements to reach to the truth, in ascending direction that are desire to learn, listening to the teacher, learning, retention, understanding, reflection, rejection of false views and truth. Human relationship gains the most attraction for a leader for the obvious reasons that the leader leads people. For any business, workforce is the basic requirement and for accomplishment leader has to understand people. Common logic reason behind the successful leader is the development of proper appreciation human nature. For this, one should have enough confidence and has to explain to other members about task and targets and how that can be accomplished. Leader should also explain the subordinates about their position and also impact of success or failure on the ultimate goal. If the goal achieved, that is a success of team not a success of leader alone. The leader has to do the required morale boosting apart from handling the work and must to be in touch with his people. It is necessary to show adequate interest in their personal problems. It is better for his people must perceive as their leader becomes the real guardian of their interests. This is necessity to do this as it he lps to maintain respective distance from the people. This concept of distant has been mostly appreciated and understood by successful leader. Thus, taking an overall view, the leader has to be a dynamic person and should have capability to turn the adversity in his favors and to gain this. The leader must have the capacity to concentrate and focus attention on the goal with an aptitude to take timely decisions and have to be sincere in his dealing. He has to show his faithfulness and loyalty towards his mission and the people and should possess a fair knowledge of his job and profession. FADS AND FASHION This broad category can be described as a type of collective behavior that is followed by people for period of time. It follows particular pattern. First is developed and then grows slowly and one time it reaches up to its peak level and remains some time and then gradually decline and disappear. For example: In late 1950s, hula hoop craze occurred in United States. Fads and fashion in management is very confusing and ongoing debate to discuss in recent years because many rhetorical strategies affects them and shape the management and also have long lasting effect, while fashions are developed by the heterogeneous group of actors but doing this, some gaps and weakness may result (Sue Newell, Maxine Robertson and Jacky Swan, 2001). It is important to know the role of fads and fashions in innovations and its diffusion because these two perspectives may benefit organization and helps to evolve efficient innovation by process of adopting and rejecting multiple fads and fashions (Eric Abrahamson, 1991). It may harm the organization by facilitating the inefficient administrative technology and adversely affect the economic performance of organization by doing prompt rejection of administrative technologies like job enrichment, strategic planning units (Eric Abrahamson, 1991). According to Abrahamson, fashion perspective is important because it disseminates new goals as beliefs to the innovations and help to settle down new organizational goals and adoption of innovation (Eric Abrahamson, 1991). Fads and fashion has taken over many leadership positions like managers, board’s members, etc. in organization and they are changing with time (Carl V. Rabstejnek). Fashionable ideas are helpful to filter good thing which can be incorporated into healthy business practices. The bandwagon effect helps to understand why the fads so popular (Carl V. Rabstejnek). In current trade there are lots of things that helping in marketing like newspapers, magazines, journals as a mass media; television, social networking sites like face book, twitter (Carl V. Rabstejnek). Academic journals, business schools, organizations all follows the current trade in market (Carl V. Rabstejnek). CONCLUSION The foregoing discussion shows that training till today is one of the most important function as it is has potential for leading towards the excellence. Human resource development is directly affected by this. Characteristics like honesty, decisiveness, positive attitude, trustworthy, loyalty, clear vision, self-assessment, confidence etc. may be found naturally present in person but can also develop and strengthen it with time and training because these are the foundation of great leadership. To become a great leader they should possesses such characteristic but to become successful, they have to follow latest fashions and fads in market and take decision accordingly. REFERENCES Sue Newell, Maxine Robertson and Jacky Swan, 2001 ‘Management Fads and Fashions’ DOI: 10.1177/135050840181001 Eric Abrahamson, 1991â€Å"Managerial fads and fashions: The diffusion and rejection and innovations Voi. 16, No. 3, 586-612 Carl V. Rabstejnek, â€Å"Management fads and fashions: Leading and Directing Companies by Popular Codified Methods† Neil Sutherland, Christopher Land and Steffen Bohm, 2013 â€Å"Anti-leaders (hip) in Social Movement Organizations: The case of autonomous grassroots groups† DOI: 10.1177/1350508413480254 Brigid Carroll and Lester Levy, 2008 â€Å"Defaulting to Management: Leadership Defined By What It Is Not† Volume 15(1): 75–96

The Giraffe: Big and Beautiful :: Informative Essays

The Giraffe-big and Beautiful Ever wonder about the different animals around the world? Ever wonder about their behaviors and features? This all has to do with zoology. Zoology is defined as the branch of biology devoted to the animals. Zoology can be viewed as a series of efforts to analyze and classify animals. Zoology basically explains everything having to do with the entire animal population. Zoology in an important field in the science world because it helps to explain all the different studies of animals. One important and what I feel is the greatest animal studied in zoology is the giraffe also known as Giraffa camelopardalis. The giraffe is the tallest animal averaging seventeen feet. Giraffes usually weigh about 2,500 lbs. Giraffes along with their extremely tall bodies have tongues usually fifteen inches long. Both sexes have two or four short, blunt, skin-covered horns. The coat has chestnut brown blotches against a brown background, markings that blend with the many different trees. As a giraffe ages, its color grows a darker brown. Each animal has a unique set of markings. Giraffes have keen sense of smell, seeing, and fantastic eyesight. A giraffe’s lifespan is up to twenty-six years in the wild and thirty-six years in captivity. Giraffes live on dry savannas and open woodland. They range south in the Sahara and in large numbers only in East Africa. Giraffes are herbivores, they eat mainly on leaves from acacia, mimosa, and wild apricot trees. Scientists have discovered many interesting facts about giraffes. One fact is that giraffes may have existed during the Quaternary period. This period is the division of geologic time in the Cenozoic period. Evidence has been found that the Sahara was occupied by giraffes and other land-grazing animals, during the later part of this time period. Scientists have found fossils and many other evidence that as soon as the dinosaurs disappeared, mammals like the giraffe appeared. Along with these interesting facts, scientists have discovered the giraffe’s different techniques for communication. Chemical communication is a powerful tool, particularly for ensuring reproduction, marking territory, and alerting prey against predators. A male giraffe, for instance, determines the best time to mate by nudging the female until she urinates and then checking the odor to determine if she is fertile. Communication is important among giraffes because it helps them to gather for good, care for their young, and mate. Most commonly, animal communication occurs between animals of the same species. The Giraffe: Big and Beautiful :: Informative Essays The Giraffe-big and Beautiful Ever wonder about the different animals around the world? Ever wonder about their behaviors and features? This all has to do with zoology. Zoology is defined as the branch of biology devoted to the animals. Zoology can be viewed as a series of efforts to analyze and classify animals. Zoology basically explains everything having to do with the entire animal population. Zoology in an important field in the science world because it helps to explain all the different studies of animals. One important and what I feel is the greatest animal studied in zoology is the giraffe also known as Giraffa camelopardalis. The giraffe is the tallest animal averaging seventeen feet. Giraffes usually weigh about 2,500 lbs. Giraffes along with their extremely tall bodies have tongues usually fifteen inches long. Both sexes have two or four short, blunt, skin-covered horns. The coat has chestnut brown blotches against a brown background, markings that blend with the many different trees. As a giraffe ages, its color grows a darker brown. Each animal has a unique set of markings. Giraffes have keen sense of smell, seeing, and fantastic eyesight. A giraffe’s lifespan is up to twenty-six years in the wild and thirty-six years in captivity. Giraffes live on dry savannas and open woodland. They range south in the Sahara and in large numbers only in East Africa. Giraffes are herbivores, they eat mainly on leaves from acacia, mimosa, and wild apricot trees. Scientists have discovered many interesting facts about giraffes. One fact is that giraffes may have existed during the Quaternary period. This period is the division of geologic time in the Cenozoic period. Evidence has been found that the Sahara was occupied by giraffes and other land-grazing animals, during the later part of this time period. Scientists have found fossils and many other evidence that as soon as the dinosaurs disappeared, mammals like the giraffe appeared. Along with these interesting facts, scientists have discovered the giraffe’s different techniques for communication. Chemical communication is a powerful tool, particularly for ensuring reproduction, marking territory, and alerting prey against predators. A male giraffe, for instance, determines the best time to mate by nudging the female until she urinates and then checking the odor to determine if she is fertile. Communication is important among giraffes because it helps them to gather for good, care for their young, and mate. Most commonly, animal communication occurs between animals of the same species.

Faith and Greer

As Faith and Greer grow closer, Faith wants to know what Greer truly thinks. As Greer starts talking, she gives all these suggests which never felt like she could do, and someone actually listen. â€Å"Tell me your impressions about what we're doing here,† Faith said. â€Å"Be honest. Don't worry about my ego. I'm curious how it seems to you so far.† (Wolitzer 201). The thing about activism is to she what you think is right and will help. Faith pressures Greer to speak her mind but in a good that will help the company rise. She want to makes sure that she does her part to Faith's grand venture. Greer want to experience the success that Faith does. Now that Faith tooken the suggests of Greer it, they both demonstrate the truths of activism. Greer realizes the she values her individualism more that sisterhood, she wants to ensure her own success, even though she would be keeping Zee from success, now that is little selfish. At this point Faith is reflecting back to the past, and she recalls supporting Greer over the years. Faith sees a lot of herself in Greer, they have reflected upon how they share a sense of disappointment in their parents and that is what has bond them together. â€Å"Greer had been so bright and filled with feeling, but beyond that she had also been upset with her parents. Of course Faith had been reminded of being upset with her own parents at that age. Both sets of parents had held their daughters back, even as they loved them.†(Wolitzer 442). Faith feels for what Greer had to go through, and now Faith wants to see Greer be successful. Faith can see Greer's potential as an activist, a feminist, and a leader. Faith is using her power to help other women find their own. Greer and Faith are a lot alike and they deeply bond over that, because of that demonstration of the disappointment of both their parents. When Faith talks to Greer about the mentorship program, Greer tells Faith that it does not exist. So Faith asks if the rescue was at least real and Greer responses that yes it was. Faith's realization that the mentorship program was not real made her wonder what was actually going on at the ShraderCapital. â€Å"Exactly what isn't true?† Greer managed to say. â€Å"The whole thing?† â€Å"The rescue was real. The security group apparently went in and saved those girls.† â€Å"Well, good. That's a relief.† â€Å"But the mentor part never happened. They just pretend it did.† (Wolitzer 464). The whole thing is messed up what they are doing is wrong, but Faith is so caught up in being preoccupied with the public's perception of her than in make sure that everything in her organization is running smoothly. Although Faith would have lived with ignoring the whole situation and now even though she knows what is going on Faith is not planning to take any action. Knowing Faith that is just not how she does things, but she seem that she just have no idea of how to handle it. Now Faith has confronted Emmett Shrader which has been long overdue. Emmett have not a very good excuse of the whole thing. â€Å"So the mentor program really doesn't exist?† He paused, thrown, trying to be careful. â€Å"It was supposed to have existed,† he tried. â€Å"We had every intention. Does that count for anything?† (Wolitzer 523). Emmett had totally ignored the thing of the mentorship program as well of the severity of Faith's struggle. Faith couldn't afford to tune out of her own life, and she could afford to make mistakes. Where Emmet just goes through life with not a thought to what consequences his actions could have. This just shows the contrast between the power of men and women. Although Emmett had claimed to of had a hazy memory of what was actually discussed that day of what happened to the mentorship program. What he actually remembers shows his total lack of interest in an important contribution of time, and resources. Emmett is clearly not an activist and putting his name on an activist company has definitely not made him a better feminist or a better member of the community. Even though the severity of the situation or even perhaps, because of it Emmett didn't think that it was important enough to solve the Ecuador crisis. â€Å"I should have listened better in that meeting, and I shouldn't have let them switch out that woman you liked, and I should have shut down the fund and announced the whole thing publicly.† (Wolitzer 550) Emmett now longing for the simpler times of the earlier days of Loci of when he connected with Faith Frank with any of the damage of this sandal between them. Though Emmett doesn't remember what happened, he knew that there were strings being pulled and people were urged to keep the truth of the whole thing quiet. During that time he tried to convince himself that he was doing the right things to make Faith happy even when it was a bad situation by keeping the money for Faith to use on another project. The realization sets in that Faith Frank is an activist and mentor a lot of reasons. Some were more selfish than others, but Faith felt rewarded and loved by receiving gifts and notes from people she had mentored. â€Å"Dear Faith, This book was my favorite when I was a little girl, and I wanted you to have it. Love, Denise Manguso (from that dinner in Chicago!)† (Wolitzer 555). Her importance has been threatened many time throughout the year, but it is her fans that keep her going not her work, and that keep her in the world. That is Faith's rensurence that she will remain adored and relevant as she once was at the start of her career. Although Emmett had messed up, he feels awful about how things went between him and Faith. He realizes that things haven't been all that bad and that he has given Faith that greatest gift of all, and influential platform. He has done perhaps more of the work than anyone else in Faith's life. Greer is now at a point in her life where her career has taken off, her career is almost a direct mirror of Faith's. â€Å"Tonight they were celebrating the fact that Greer Kadetsky's book Outside Voices had just spent one full year on the bestseller list.† (Wolitzer 602). Greer finally got the success she has been looking for. Greer has manifested so much attention, but she still gets criticized and often publicly. She gets criticized for her privileged idealism and inattention to worse issues that face the modern of feminism. It seems like Greer gets the same kind of adoration, attention, and praise as Faith Frank once did. This fills Greer with a sense of personal fortitude and socio political power. This all of what Greer wanted she worked hard for it and success found its way to her. Now that Greer is marry to Cory, has a baby named Emilia, and a babysitter name Kay. Greer finds that she sees a lot of herself in Kay, it seems that she sees a similar dynamic blossoming between her and Kay, like what she once had with Faith. â€Å"I want you to know I think you're great, Greer. I totally do. My friends and I have read all your book and they're impressed that I sit for you,† said benevolently† (Wolitzer 607). Although Kay is unlike the shy Greer who was willing to change her personality and opinions to better align with Faith. Kay has her own independent thoughts about feminism and is not afraid to express herself. With that Greer often wishes that she could contact her former mentor, but with things that ended badly between them. â€Å"But lately, Greer had been wishing she could say something different to Faith.† (Wolitzer 623). Greer still deeply admires Faith, and with the realization that her hero was just an ordinary person like the rest of us with flaws too. Greer realizes that even with the complicated or with the moments that were upsetting with Faith were ultimately a service of goodness and advancement. Greer's ability to be grateful for the way Faith had called her out on things has shown Greer that she has matured considerably and is able to see her past mistake a lot more cleary . Greer now wonders if Kay will one day take her place as the mentor, that Kay will be the mentor to her daughter Emila. â€Å"Who is going to replace me? She though, shocked at first at the idea, and the finding it kind of funny, and relaxing into it.† (Wolitzer 624). By wondering, Greer wonders if she will slowly out live them all, Greer shows that the power dynamics and politics are constantly shifting. Impling that even as Greer has risen to fame, she will always feel a deep sense of loss for Faith. The cycle continues of mentors, because it is destined to repeat it, with Greer's daughter Emilia most likely to be mentor by Kay.

Business Analysis Part I Ford Motor Company Essays

Business Analysis Part I Ford Motor Company Essays Business Analysis Part I Ford Motor Company Essay Business Analysis Part I Ford Motor Company Essay Business Analysis Part II Ford Motor Company Rocio Rodriguez MGT/521 Management May 25, 2011 Nickolas Skelton Business Analysis Part I Ford Motor Company Henry Ford and a group of investors founded what is known as the Ford Motor Company in 1903 based out in Dearborn, Michigan. The entrepreneur began manufacturing all of the automotive parts used in production and started the innovation of a moving assembly line to mass produce vehicles that are affordable to the public. Although the company changed names and investors a few times, it remained strong enough to survive through the great depression and become one of the largest auto manufacturers in the world today. The following analysis covers the company’s strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats to obtain a better understanding of the successes and downfalls of Ford Motor Company. Strengths Despite of the recent downturn in the economy, Ford remains a competitive force in automobile manufacturing market. Certain factors exist that strengthen the company’s brand and product. For example, Ford Motor Company is the top 4th largest car manufacturing entity in the world (Ford, 2011). The company has 90 manufacturing plants worldwide, 7,000 supplier facilities that distribute vehicles in six continents, and all 50 U. S. states (Ford, 2011). Ford has a strong presence in the market and is easily recognized worldwide with the slogan â€Å"Built Ford Tough† as the company motto (Ford, 2011). The company keeps a competitive advantage by following innovative trends that attract the attention of more consumers. One of these trends focuses on fuel efficiency, brought on by the current deteriorating economic state. Ford’s fuel-efficient lineup increased sales by 19% since the launch in 2009 (Ford, 2011). Even the less economic models are still in demand because of their design, durability, and versatility. The Ford-F150, Ford’s most popular vehicle, is the current top seller on the market for this year (Ford, 2011). Ford is comfortably sitting at #10 on the Fortune 500 list and has made an astonishing $6. 6 billion in net income for the first quarter of 2011, which is the most the company has made in the ast 10 years (Ford Motor Company, 2011). Ford established Ford Motor Credit Company to offer the public a more accessible way to finance vehicles and survived through the failing economy. The company made it without any government bailout funds because the owner made a wise move and obtained $24 billion in financing a short time before the economy took a turn for the worse (Ford Motor Company, 2001). That money helped the company stay afloat until they could make profit again. Another strength the company has is its reputation and their corporate social responsibility with the public and the environment. Ford Motor Company provides support to many causes such as disaster relief efforts in the United States, invests in education for children, promotes safe driving programs for teens, and helps American farmers strive (Ford Motor Company, 2011). Ford is also a proud supporter of NASCAR and started the Performance Racing Parts segment of the business. The company is following the trend of environmentally friendly products by researching solar powered and electric vehicles that reduce emissions and harm the environment. The company plans to invest $14 billion in Research and Development in 2011 to improve fuel efficiency in Ford models by over 25% (Mulally, 2010). Because of the constant contribution and involvement in the community, the public is aware that Ford is not in it just for the money; ultimately Ford contributes and makes a difference in society and embraces the earth’s environmental health. Weaknesses Despite all the strengths mentioned above, there are weaknesses that can hinder Ford’s success. The most obvious weakness is the troubling economy. The economic downfall affected everyone including all car manufacturers. Consumers lost jobs, homes, and stability during these tough times, and purchasing vehicles was no longer a priority for most Americans. The demand for vehicles, especially trucks, dropped dramatically because of the lack of income for consumers, the rise in gas prices, and fewer lending opportunities. Additionally, just as the economy began to fall, so did the stock prices. Ford stock prices hit the ultimate low in 2009 selling at $1. 74 compared to the $14. 91 in the first quarter of 2011 (History of the Stock Market Crash, 2011). The most dangerous disadvantage for Ford’s weak market share North American automotive operations. Ford’s market share dropped 6. 3% from 2003 to 2008 and is currently making a slow and steady increase (Ford, 2008). Competitors like Toyota and Honda led the market with quality, fuel efficient models, at a bargain price. The weakness that tarnished Ford’s reputation and financial health has to be the recalls of some models because safety concerns. Ford recalled a total of 16 million vehicles in 2009 because of a faulty cruise control switch that causes a fire in the vehicle (Ford, 2008). Similarly, in 2008 Ford recalled Escape models due to transmission failure issues. Additionally, who can forget the notorious Firestone tire recall in 2001 that claimed the lives of many drivers worldwide (Ford, 2008). The tread on the defective tires on most Explorer models peeled off and when they failed it caused the vehicle to roll over and cause fatal accidents (Legal Information Center, 2001). This recall cost Ford $2 billion, the competitive advantage in the United States light-truck and sport/utility vehicle market, and the trust of the consumer (Isidore, 2001). Opportunities Nonetheless, Ford has moved forward and learned from their experiences and is focused on expanding the opportunities for the business. Because the environmental factor is a leading trend in the market, Ford has taken the opportunity to expand their product line to align with the consumer demand. The company developed the EcoBoost V6 engines that provide 20% better fuel economy and reduce carbon monoxide emissions by 15% (MediaFord. com, 2011). Hybrid models are currently in production and the company plans to double their output in 2009 to meet consumer demand. Ford is investing and researching new technology to produce electric and solar powered vehicles in the near future as well as intelligent vehicles, or talking vehicles designed to help make the roads a safer place. The company’s efforts have not been in vain. The company was awarded the 2011 Best New Technology Award for their innovative rear inflatable seat belt design (Ford Motor Company, 2011). Similarly, the giant car manufacturer also became the first to earn top safety ratings worldwide for their Fiesta and Ford F-150 models (Ford Motor Company, 2011). The last opportunity that can help Ford gain global market share is the partnership with China to produce the Ford Fiesta model. Ford unveiled the Fiesta in China in 2009 and by 2010 the company sold more than 75,000 vehicles, 59% more than the previous year (MediaFord. com, 2011). The Fiesta received a warm welcome from the Chinese consumers with its stylish exterior, fuel efficiency, and even received a five-star safety rating from the China Automotive Technology and Research Center (CATARC) (MediaFord. com, 2011). With the success of the launch in China, Ford can expand worldwide and explore other opportunities in foreign countries to penetrate and grow the Ford name. Threats The last factor to consider in the analysis is the threats that hinder Fords success in the market. These factors can prevent the company from growing as planned and potentially harm the giant automaker’s financial stability. Many of the same factors listed as weaknesses can be potential threats. For example, the recession and the rise in fuel prices. As prices rise, consumers look for ways to reduce their expenses by either consuming less gas or replacing their gas guzzlers with compact fuel efficient models. If Ford fails to produce a compact, fuel efficient model that meets the consumer’s demands, the public will still purchase a vehicle but definitely not a Ford model. The rise in raw materials can also pose a threat to Ford because the company needs to provide an affordable product that meets the demand for safety, durability, and quality, all while keeping production costs at reasonable rates to make a profit. Producing vehicles with subpar materials to keep within budget can risk the safety of the end user and risk the reputation of the Ford brand. Fixing any potential issues with future recalls is usually more expensive than producing the product meeting all federal guidelines. The last major threat to the Ford Motor Company is the lack of investment in Research and Development and Quality Control. Compared to the competition, Ford falls short in capital spending, which can hinder the possibility of growth. For example, Ford’s biggest competitor, Toyota reduced their capital spending from $1. trillion to $670 billion during 2010 because of the financial crisis (Dow Jones, 2010). In comparison, Ford usually spends five to six billion dollars in capital spending each year totaling $4. 5 billion during 2010 (Ford Motor Company, 2011). With that much difference in capital spending, the competition has the means and the edge to develop the next best thing out on the market, leaving For d behind. To summarize the analysis, the Ford Motor Company has the potential to remain one of the top car manufacturers in the world if the company takes advantage of all strengths and opportunities to grow and xpand the business worldwide. The key to staying competitive is following consumer trends and above all take pride and care to produce the best product for the end-user. Keeping a close eye and managing the weaknesses and threats to the business will serve as a learning experience and help the company adapt, improve business practices, and processes. The company has been successful thus far, even through a recession, and once the economy recovers Ford has the potential to become more thriving than ever with the latest advances in technology the company plans to develop. Business Analysis Part II Ford Motor Company Financial Health Comparison The financial statements in Appendix A-C reflect the income statement, balance sheet, and cash flow for Ford Motor Company for recent and previous years. Comparing the numbers side by side helps understand the trends in the economy and the company and gives a better understanding of the company’s financial health. After reviewing each statement one can see that the company has been a successful one, and recently suffered during the time of recession. Profits went down as well as stock value as seen in Appendix D. Capital Expenditures were reduced and the company even faced negative figures in most statements during the recession in 2008. The company had a healthy cash flow and earnings in the years before 2008, and is presently recovering at a steady pace. The one major concern noted after reviewing the statements is the slow recovery of the company. With the recession out of the way, the company has enough new products and incentives to help boost sales and make profits similar to those seen in 2005-2007 at a faster pace. The slow recovery can help the company prepare for future periods of recession by having a plan implemented to develop the most innovative, quality, and affordable product for the consumer and increase demand worldwide, thus making profits at a faster pace. Summarize companys financial health – compare it to other companies in the industry Summarize the companys technological advantages – compare to others How globalization affected the businesses practices Benchmark analysis – best practices, operational processes and procedures, products or services References AOL Daily Finance. 2011, May 20). Ford motor company balance sheet. Retrieved from dailyfinance. com/financials/ford-motor-company/f/nys/balance-sheet Bloomberg Businessweek, (2011, May 24). Financial statements for ford motor company. Retrieved from http://investing. businessweek. com/research/stocks/financials/financials. asp? ticker=F:US Dow Jones, (2010, December 24). Toyota vice president: to ho ld down capital spending. Retrieved from dowjones. de/site/2010/12/toyota-vice-president-to-hold-down-capital-spending. html Ford. (2008). Market share and sales. Retrieved from http://corporate. ford. om/microsites/sustainability-report-2008-09/economy-data-market#a Ford Motor Company, (2011, May 12). Safety. Retrieved from http://corporate. ford. com/innovation/car-safety Ford Motor Company, (2011). Ford posts net income of $2. 6 billion in second quarter 2010. Retrieved from corporate. ford. com/news-center/news/press-releases/press-releases-detail/pr-ford-posts-net-income-of-26-32973 History of the Stock Market Crash, (2011, April 23). Ford stock up 757% since the 2008-2009 crash. Retrieved from worststockmarketcrashes. com/featured/ford-stock-up-757-percent-since-the-2008-2009-crash/ Isidore, C. 2001, May 21). Ford recalls 13 million tires. Retrieved from http://money. cnn. com/2001/05/22/recalls/ford/ Legal Information Center, (2001). Firestone tire recall. Retrieved from firestone-tire-recall. com/pages/overview. html Media Ford. com, (2011). Ford fiesta receives maximum 5-star safety rating in china ncap. Retrieved from http://media. ford. com/article_display. cfm? article_id=33815 Microsoft Money, Initials. (2011, April 24). Financial results ford motor company. Retrieved from http://moneycentral. msn. com/investor/invsub/results/statemnt. aspx? Symbol=FstmtView=Ann Mulally, A. (2010, October 26). Ford car share in North America on the rise. Retrieved from http://seekingalpha. com/article/232164-ford-car-share-in-north-america-on-the-rise Yahoo Finance, (2011, May 22). Ford motor company cash flow. Retrieved from http://finance. yahoo. com/q/cf? s=F+Cash+Flowannual Appendix A[pic][pic][pic] |Income Statement Comparison | |Dec 31 |Dec 31 |Dec 31 |Dec 31 | |Currency in | |2007 |2008 |2009 |2010 | |Millions of U. S. Dollars |As of: |Restated |Restated |Restated |USD | | | |USD |USD |USD | | |Revenues |154,379. 0 |127,635. 0 |103,868. 0 |119,280. 0 | |Cost of Goods Sold |142,667. 0 |120,558. 0 |98,746. |104,372. 0 | |Selling General Admin Expenses, Total |21,132. 0 |21,049. 0 |12,965. 0 |11,876. 0 | |OPERATING INCOME |-701. 0 |-6,492. 0 |-1,219. 0 |8,892. 0 | |Interest and Investment Income |1,713. 0 |928. 0 |205. 0 |262. 0 | |Income (Loss) on Equity Investments |403. |381. 0 |195. 0 |538. 0 | |EBT, EXCLUDING UNUSUAL ITEMS |-1,018. 0 |-7,151. 0 |-2,249. 0 |7,975. 0 | |Gain (Loss) on Sale of Investments |-109. 0 |-1,309. 0 |373. 0 |125. 0 | |Other Unusual Items, Total |-432. 0 |-5,569. 0 |4,666. 0 |-844. | |EBT, INCLUDING UNUSUAL ITEMS |-3,857. 0 |-14,895. 0 |2,599. 0 |7,149. 0 | |Minority Interest in Earnings |-312. 0 |58. 0 | |4. 0 | |EARNINGS FROM DISCOUNTINUED OPERATIONS |41. 0 |9. 0 |5. 0 | | |NET INCOME TO COMMON INCLUDING EXTRA ITEMS |-2,795. 0 |-14,766. 0 |2,717. 0 |6,561. | [pic][ pic][pic](Bloomberg Businessweek, 2011) Appendix B Balance Statement Comparison |Period Ending |FY2010 |FY2009 |FY2008 |FY2007 |FY2006 | |Assets | | | | | | |Net Receivables |48. 22 B |8. 15 B |64. 43 B |68. 75 B |4. 15 B | |Progress Payments Others |-865. 00 M |-798. 0 M |-891. 00 M |-1. 10 B |-1. 02 B | |Current Assets Total |90. 87 B |57. 29 B |117. 33 B |135. 72 B |78. 98 B | |Investment in Unconsolidated Subsidiaries |2. 57 B |2. 37 B |1. 59 B |2. 85 B |2. 79 B | |Property, Plant Equipment Net |23. 03 B |22. 46 B |28. 35 B |35. 98 B |35. 79 B | |Accumulated Depreciation |33. 90 B |33. 41 B |38. 4 B |36. 56 B |34. 98 B | |Tangible Other Assets |4. 16 B |12. 30 B |6. 52 B |18. 34 B |16. 00 B | |Total Assets |163. 32 B |189. 35 B |215. 77 B |276. 46 B |276. 01 B | |Income Taxes Payable |392. 00 M |3. 09 B |2. 79 B |2. 67 B |3. 14 B | |Current Liabilities Total |74. 13 B |77. 85 B |111. 96 B |110. 5 B |112. 65 B | |Provision for Risks Charges |18. 24 B |17. 76 B |17. 32 B |31. 37 B |35. 91 B | |Deferred Income |1. 62 B |1. 66 B |1. 77 B |1. 99 B |2. 04 B | |Total Liabilities |163. 97 B |197. 13 B |231. 89 B |269. 41 B |278. 31 B | |Common Equity |-673. 00 M |-7. 82 B |-17. 31 B |5. 63 B |-3. 6 B | |Capital Surplus |20. 80 B |16. 79 B |9. 08 B |7. 83 B |4. 56 B | |Equity in Untaxed Reserves |-7. 04 B |-13. 60 B |-16. 14 B |-1. 48 B |-17. 00 M | |Treasury Stock |62. 00 M |407. 00 M |521. 00 M |103. 00 M |- | |Common Shares Outstanding |163. 32 B |189. 35 B |215. 77 B |276. 46 B |276. 01 B | (AOL Daily Finance, 2011) Appendix C Cash Flow Comparison | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |Period Ending | | | |Dec 31, 2010 | | | |Dec 31, 2009 | | | |Dec 31, 2008 | | | | | | | |Net Income | | | |6,561,000 | | | |2,717,000 | | | |(14,672,000) | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |Operating Activities, Cash Flows Provided By or Used In | | | | | | | |Depreciation | | | |- | | | |- | | | |19,737,000 | | | | | | | |Adjustments To Net Income | | | |- | | | |- | | | |1,027,000 | | | | | | | |Changes In Accounts Receivables | | | |- | | | |- | | | |1,091,000 | | | | | | | |Changes In Liabilities | | | |- | | | |- | | | |(12,647,000) | | | | | | | |Changes In Inventories | | | |- | | | |- | | | |(358,000) | | | | | | | |Changes In Other Operating Activities | | | |- | | |- | | | |2,489,000 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |Total Cash Flow From Operating Activities | | | |11,477,000 | | | |15,477,000 | | | |(179,000) | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |Investing Activities, Cash Flows Provided By or Used In | | | | | | | |Capital Expenditures | | | |(4,092,000) | | | |(4,059,000) | | | |(6,696,000) | | | | | | | |Investments | | | |9,774,000 | | | |10,682,000 | | | |(2,676,000) | | | | | | | |Other Cash flows from Investing Activities | | | |1,226,000 | | | |(4,000) | | | |6,229,000 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |Total Cash Flows From Investing Activities | | | |6,908,000 | | | |6,619,000 | | | |(3,143,000) | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |Financing Activities, Cash Flows Provided By or Used In | | | | | | | |Dividends Paid | | | |- | | | |- | | | |- | | | | | | | |Sale Purchase of Stock | | | |1,339,000 | | | |2,450,000 | | | |756,000 | | | | | | | |Net Borrowings | | | |(18,558,000) | | | |(21,710,000) | | | |(9,256,000) | | | | | | | |Other Cash Flows from Financing Activities | | | |(7,202,000) | | | |(3,570,000) | | | |(604,000) | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |Total Cash Flows From Financing Activities | | | |(24,421,000) | | | |(22,830,000) | | | |(9,104,000) | | | | | | | |Effect Of Exchange Rate Changes | | | |(53,000) | | | |454,000 | | | |(808,000) | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |Change In Cash and Cash Equivalents | | | |(6,089,000) | | | |(910,000) | | | |(13,234,000) | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |Currency in USD. | | | Appendix D Ford Motor Company Stock Value Comparison

buy custom Sports Fan essay

buy custom Sports Fan essay On the 21st day of February, I attended a basketball match between Miles College and Judson College. The match was taking place at Miles College basketball pitch and started at 8.30 am. All the teams were ready and the spectators had occupied their positions before 8 am. The lecturers and the students of both colleges showed up for the event, with the largest attendance from Miles College, since they hosted the match. The match had not started yet, and every person in the field was harboring hopes of winning the competition. This match portrayed many things, as based on the sociological point of view. Sociological theories like functionalism and conflict and role theory were manifested in the game. The fans supported their teams and this showed the aspect of belonging, as each person needed to be associated with a team. Upon defeat, Judson College fans and players were sadly leaving the field, while Miles College players and fans jumped all over singing with joy. Plot At around 8 am all spectators gathered in the sports field waiting for the players. Exactly at 8.30 am, all the teams arrived and we all stood and sung Miles College anthem. After the anthem, we were welcomed by the principal of Miles College, with Judson College giving a welcoming speech as well. We all clamped our hands and took our seats. At around 9 am, the referee blew the whistle and the game started. At this time, all the fans were silent. After five minutes of a hard struggle between the two teams, one from Judson College player scored three points. All the Judson fans stated making noise and sinning songs of victory. They were praising the player who had scored three points. The game started again and Miles College scored two points. At this time, the field was full of noise with each team singing songs mentioning the names of the players. They sang and cheered, so the noise was heard far away. At this point, the players of both teams played aggressively and with confidence. After three minutes, Judson College managed to score three points again. Everybody cheered, even the principal of Judson College. The game was tough and the players played hard. The referee gave warnings to many players of both teams. The fans did not seize making noise, but sang at the top of their voices. After a few minutes, the players went to rest and the fans followed the teams to their changing rooms. The players from both teams were being given medical attention. Many players at this point were tired. Judson College was leading with 39 points, while Miles had 34 points. The coaches of both teams were giving advice on how to strengthen their play. After a few minutes, the players went back to the field. They rested and stood with more confidence, since they had been given advice on how to improve their performance. The referee inspected the players and, after one minute, he blew the whistle and the game resumed. The players chased after each other struggling to get the ball. After one minute, Miles College scored two points. The game went on and Miles scored three points. They scored three points several times without anything scored by Judson College. At this point, the fans from Judson College kept quiet and the fans from Miles College were singing songs of victory. They sang songs of mockery to Judson College calling them the hate names. After so many scores, from Miles College one player from Judson managed to score twice. The time was almost up and the players from MilesCollege were scoring three points each time. At this moment, the fans from Judson College had given up and stopped cheering. They did not motivate their players and this made the whole team lose hope and let the competitors win the match. The referee blew the whistle to mark the end of the game and, at this time, Miles College had 134 points while Judson had 76 points. The fans from Miles sang different songs. They jumped into the pitch and danced all over. They carried their players around and gave them new clothes. The student who was leading the cheering team carried the school flags and another flag which read, Miles defeats the undefeatable. The players from MilesCollege were dancing together with the fans. Each person from Miles College was happy, including the principal. The fans from Judson College were quiet and unnoticeable, since they went out before the game ended. Some of the players from Judson were crying and lying down on the ground. At 4 pm, we met at the assembly ground where all the fans and players were present. This was the closing meeting and we started by singing the anthem of Miles College followed by Judsons. Students from Miles College made a fewpresentations to entertain the audience. They sang different songs and performed drama plays, which was entertaining for everybody. They made each person laugh, even the players from Judson who cried after the match. After the entertainment speeches had been made by different people, the best players were awarded and encouraged to take basketball as their carrier. After the play, the words of gratitude were given by the principal of Mile College. The meeting was closed by words of prayer. After the meeting, the players from Judson College boarded their college bus and left. The player and fans from Miles College went back to their hostels and resumed their normal routine. Feelings of belongingness and social identification There are sociological groups and each person finds a way to associate himself with a certain group. People may feel uncomfortable, when not associated with other people. They like interaction and, in the process, they form groups in which they can share ideas and feel safer since they belong to a certain group. Those groups include religion, family, and sports clubs. In this contest, the groups focused on a sports club. Each person in the field participated in one way or the other and had a sense of belonging (Steve, 2002). The players played their favorite game and enjoyed it, because even after the defeat of Judson, the players were motivated. The best players were given presents and encouraged to keep up their performance. There are so many games to play and the players would feel uncomfortable without participating in any game. Sociologists regard different games as types of group identity that individuals associate themselves with. The players of this match choose basketball as their group. During the game, the players showed much interest and played with confidence, since they felt they belonged to a certain group. The players from JudsonCollege cried after defeat. Each team stayed focused on the group which the players and fans identified themselves with. After the defeat of Judson, the players cried while the fans walked away from the field since their group was defeated. They felt ashamed to associate themselves with a defeated group (Ford, 2004). The fans in the field were cheering their teams and this motivated the players. The fans from Judson College cheered for their players and this made them feel as if they belonged to the team, even though they did not participate in the game themselves. They identified themselves with the team. The fans from Miles College who responded with great numbers appeared to have liked the players and interacted with them from the start of the game up to the end (Layton, 1997). After the end of the game, we went to the closing assembly and same students entertained the audience. There were some songs and performances going on. This shows that even those who did not participate in the game had found groups to identify themselves. At the play, they did not show up because they did not have an identity. They could not identify themselves with a group. They performed with much confidence, because they were proud of being identified with that group (William and Hickey, 2005). The principals and lecturers from both schools had a place where they watched the match. They formed a group identity with, because they felt uncomfortable in the company of the students who were cheering for their teams loudly. During the game, both principals and students responded to each success of their teams. This shows that the principals and other lecturers had identified themselves with the teams from their colleges. They felt comfortable, since they had a certain group to identify with. During the final closing ceremony, the players who showed much potential were given presents. They were given words of advice by the chief guest. He told them that they should join international basketball clubs. He advised them to make the game their career. This shows that even the chief guest was aware that people should belong to a certain group. The best players did not suit the identity of a college-level basketball team, albeit the best. Competition existed between the in-groups and o ut-of-groups. The two groups competed, while the fans cheered strongly to recognize their in-group emerging as the winner. As evidenced in the match, the members from Judson College had left before the match ended, and this shows that they would have liked to be associated with the victorious group (George, 1990). The socially acceptable outlet for hostile and aggressive feelings At the start of the match, all the teams and fans were calm and did not make loud noise. The match began and, when Judson College sccored the first points, the fans started singing songs of encouragement, and the players changed the mode of playing. Each team started playing hard game and the fans from both sides did a lot of cheering. Hostility and aggressiveness is provoked by stimuli. In the game, the players could not behave in hostile ways without the stimuli to provoke their feelings. There are some moments when aggressiveness is discouraged, but on some occasions it may even be helpful, e.g., when an individual exhibits aggressiveness and hostile behavior in order to achieve something to benefit his in-group (Blumer, 1998). During the first round of the game, the players started rather smoothly. They feared each other, and hence could not develop negative attitude towards each other. When each team scored, they changed and the referee had a hard time to control the players. The players injured each other during the match because at the resting time players of both teams were given first aid. The aggression made both teams play to their fullest and show their best, as expected by their coach. On return from the first round rest, MilesCollege performed well and managed to beat JudsonCollege. This occurred because Miles had started applying aggressiveness in their play and their fans cheered with more aggressiveness. The hostile behavior adopted by Miles College in the second round injured one of the best players from Judson College and this made Judsons team become weaker and lose (Steve, 2002). Role of sport plays as a cultural element to bring meaning to life Plays and games serve many roles in individuals life. People develop the sense of belonging. Games also develop the aspect of cultural enhancement and strengthening of cultural beliefs. Individuals meet at different times, while playing different games, and share their cultural practices. In the time of tournaments, the players and fans interacted with each other sharing their views of life and practices. On many occasions, sports serve as a place for future marriages. Many people meet at sporting events and start relationships which lead to marriage. During the games, people sing songs and dance according to their culture, thus strengthening cultural practices. Most of the sports are set according to groups cultural practices. The customs exhibited during sports events enhance the cultural practice of a certain group. For example, basketball was developed in America and the costumes worn during the match were adopted from American culture (Layton, 1997). This match between Miles and Judson Colleges was played by men. The game did not have any woman in the field; even the referee was a man. This showed that they respected their culture and the good spirit of the game. Basketball was developed in America, and the culture did not allow both sexes to play together. The match respected and practiced culture. The people at the match came from different states and races. They interacted and shared their ideas on how they perceived life. Boys and girls from both colleges interacted, as did the teachers of different sexes, and this showed that they could have made a relationship, which could turn into a marriage in future and enhance their culture (Blumer, 1998). At the start of the game, Miles College had to sing the colleges anthem and this was the cultural practice of the college. On every game, the national anthem was to be sung before the start and at the end of the match. The colleges anthem reminded the students of their cultural practices and beliefs. When Miles won the game, they cerebrated all over. They sang and danced traditional songs .They promoted their culture with the songs and dancing. The game made them proud of their college and cultural practices (Ford, 2004). After the game, the principal from Miles College expressed the words of gratitude, as it was the norm for every event in Texas. The teams went home joyful and relieved due to interaction. They exchanged their views on life and this made people change their negative attitudes. The best players were encouraged to join international basketball clubs. This made many of them gain a new meaning in life because they realized that they had potential of making the best and developing their talent (George, 1990). Conclusion According to the sociological role theory, individuals like participating in a certain group. All people need to participate in the in-groups and the out-groups. In sports, all people involved play a certain role, hence they feel occupied and recognized. The key people in a game are players, but those who cannot play could instead help develop the sense of belonging. Buy custom Sports Fan essay

The West plays a major role in American mythology Essay

The West plays a major role in American mythology - Essay Example However, rather than having a determinant beginning and especially a determinant end, the expansionism that contributed to the â€Å"taming† and settlement of the American West by mainly European immigrants had a profound effect on the American consciousness and an understanding of imperialism that has continued to develop up to and including the present time. Firstly, the definition of this â€Å"frontier† was necessarily those areas that were not officially incorporated states within the Union. As a function of a series of treaties and more than a few land purchases, as well as wars with Old European powers, the â€Å"frontier† was officially defined as a place in which the United States could experience a level of what came to be termed â€Å"Manifest Destiny†.1 Although the term itself reeks of the hubris of racism and the divine right of non-native peoples to invade, conquer, and settle the lands of others, it nonetheless played a powerful and continu al role in defining the American consciousness. ... realizing the dream that Manifest Destiny had first espoused – creating a North American continent that was dominated by a United States that stretched from â€Å"sea to shining sea†. Moreover, the Gilded Age was important in the colonization and development of the American West as it provided the tools, skill, technology, and rapid development that was necessary to radically transform and â€Å"civilize† the West. Without the availability of processed and finished goods from back East during the era in which the West was being colonized, the existence of the railroad, and the constant support from the US Army to squelch any native uprisings that resulted from the theft of their lands, the private and public partnership was congealed. This public and private partnership between big money and politics is sadly a marriage that continues to define the current world in which the United States operates. However, of perhaps equal importance to the actualities that Mani fest Destiny is the level of understanding and subconscious determinants that such a cultural phenomena espoused. As a direct and measurable result of doctrine of Manifest Destiny, once the age was over, there was latent energy within American society that it was also the â€Å"destiny† of the United States to control North American and beyond. As a function of this, there was an era of imperialism that was engaged upon which has continued almost unabated until the present.2 For this reason, expansion into the Caribbean and later the Pacific would be a trend that began to manifest itself more and more as the years of Western expansion drew to a close. Of course it cannot be stated that this level of conquest affected all groups equally. As can be noted from an even cursory review of history, the way in which

A critical review of methods of water quality assessment Essay

A critical review of methods of water quality assessment - Essay Example As per the report of Chapman, it is easier to note that biological methods allow careful screening of any effect which may be arising because of any reservoir or water body (Hartje 2002). It should also be noted that the biological methods are applied in order to help measure the intensity of the change in the ecological cycle. However, there are many indicators which would give a clear idea as to what extent is being noted in terms of ecological change (Yamaguchi andWesselink 2000). These indicators can be dead fish or the changing colors of the water etc. At one hand these indicators might help in analyzing the changes which are undergoing in the ecological cycle while on the other hand there are some of the aquatic changes which will take place and cannot be identified without the usage of aquatic biota. One of the biological assessments which is being commonly used in order to undergo water quality assessment is the past time assessment of the environment (Dinar and Albiac 2009). This is in the context of the fact that aquatic organisms leave their traces to affect the ecological cycle which can be noted when the changes is already on its final stage. In simpler words, it is complicated for the biologists to evaluate the change in its initial stages (Roy, Oborne and David 2009). It is because of this reason that assessment is undertaken by considering past time and the present time of the environment. Another method which is being employed world wide is acute toxicity testing which is applied in cases where water is greatly affected by pollution (EnecoTech 2004). Chemical method for assessment of water quality is noted as a very expensive form of quality measuring tool. Chemical method does not show a longer duration result as in the biological method in which organisms give a longer period results. In this way assessment can be done without loosing any sample (Northern Territory Government